The Trans-Siberian Express
THE TRANS-SIBERIAN EXPRESS: A RAIL JOURNEY FROM MOSCOW TO VLADISVOSTOK
As I waited to board the Trans-Siberian Express in
Moscow's Yaroslav station, I leaned back against a wall
and peered up at a cold white bust of Lenin perched atop a
pedestal in the middle of the terminal.
With all of the
changes I had read about in Russia, I hadn't expected to
see him around so much.
Yet here he was again in another
prominent place staring into space with his usual stern
expression of defiance.
Watching as hundreds of waiting
Russians milled about indifferently under this once
venerated face, I wondered if many other prospects
regarding the sights and experiences of this journey would
be as far off target as my expectations of seeing little
of Lenin.
I had hoped this trip would give me a greater
understanding of Russia than what I had gleaned from books
and articles.
However, as I surveyed the passive scene
around the pedestal, it occurred to me that this journey
might afford as many questions as answers about this
enigmatic country.
With the first Cyrillic syllable from
a scratchy boarding announcement,
I grabbed my pack,
clenched my ticket stub in my teeth, and joined everyone
else in a tidal rush through the doors of the terminal to
the waiting train.
Lugging the pack into the jammed aisle of my assigned
carriage, I smiled amusingly at how different reality
always turns out to be from preconceived notions of
foreign travel.
If anything, I had expected the start of
this railway journey across the vast expanses of Russia to
be somewhat more orderly, perhaps accompanied by soothing
background strains of Rachmaninoff or Tchaikovsky.
Instead, here I was bumping and shoving through the crowd
on one of the most exotic trains in the world with Michael
Jackson being piped into the carriages from a local top-40
radio station.
After about three selections from the
Thriller album I was finally able to locate my correct
compartment, toss my pack in a heap on my bunk and settle
in.
A few minutes later the sound of the engine whistle
echoed down the platform and the train sluggishly edged forward, pulling out of the station with me speculating
about the shape I'd be in after a few days of Slavic disc
jockeys counting off the hits.
Fortunately, the top-40
broadcast died out just past the city limits, but the
already revealed penchant of the Trans-Siberian for
tampering with preconceived ideas was to continue all the
way to Russia's Far East.
Spanning an incredible seven time zones from Moscow
to Vladisvostok on the Sea of Japan, the Trans-Siberian
railway stretches 5,800 miles, nearly a quarter of the way
around the world.
While taking this journey is considered
by many to be one of the few true rail adventures left in
the world, it is not for everyone.
It's one of those
curious endeavors in life which you're glad to have over
but you're nonetheless glad you experienced; a trip you
somehow remember with growing fondness as the period of
time between its completion and the present widens.
Having been conditioned by train travel in the United
States where terrain can change during the course of a
dining car meal, I remained glued to my compartment window
for the first couple of days of the journey, anxious to
see as much of the mysterious Russian steppes as I could.
Flowing past the carriage window was a land of broad
fields sprinkled with wildflowers and bordered by white
birch trees; a wavy, open countryside of pastoral beauty
and agricultural promise but also lacking much in the way
of topographical relief, a landscape kind of like
Nebraska.
As the miles passed and the tedium of the
steppes began to sink in, I found myself drifting in and
out of light naps, an occurrence I thought peculiar
considering how much I had looked forward to this trip.
Mindful of the fact that the course to Vladivostok would
take a full seven days and nights, I was coming to realize
why travel writer Paul Theroux in his book, "The Great
Railway Bazaar," compared the passage to being in bed for
a week with a high fever.
The route is so long, and the
rhythmic clacking of the train rolling along the tracks is
so hypnotic that time on the Trans-Siberian tends to melt
into something of a blur with one day running into
another.
These influences, coupled with the Russian
practice of keeping railway schedules by Moscow time, act
to thoroughly confuse the synch between your body's
internal clock and the mind.
The result is a fuzzy sort
of "train lag," which slowly heightens with the crossing
of each time zone on the way to the Sea of Japan.
Early
on during the trip I had tried to shorten the hours by
reading, playing chess, or taking repeated walks through
the length of the train.
But, along with most everyone
else, I discovered that aside from looking out the window
and watching the constant ribbon of Russia stream by, the
most effective, often involuntary device for quickening
the passage of time was sleep.
With a good portion of its passengers dozing away in a
snoring-accentuated state of suspended animation, the
train makes as many as ninety stops across Russia.
Only
one or two a day, though, at larger towns like Sverdlovsk
and Omsk are long enough for passengers to hobble out,
stretch and perhaps buy from a sparse, amusingly odd
variety of goods with such assorted offerings as dried
fish, Snickers bars, unhomogenized milk, and Pepsi
available at station kiosks. Other than that, the train
continues a steady, or as a bleary eyed Russian soldier
struggling with English and staring vacantly out a window
succinctly put it, "monoto," progression to the Far East.
It is possible to break-up the trip by taking a few days
off in places such as Novosibirsk, the largest city in
Siberia, or more attractive Irkutsk with its Decembrists
houses and location near sparkling Lake Baykal, the
deepest freshwater lake in the world.
For me, the idea of
making an unbroken journey across this enormous, wide sky
country had an appeal all its own.
As the train ambles on at an average speed of about
forty miles an hour to the east of the Ural Mountains, the
landscape gradually changes from open steppe to what the
Russians call taiga, unending forests of birch and pine
trees extending to the horizon in every direction.
When
you recognize that Siberia, that part of Russia east of
the Urals, takes up enough space to contain all of the
United States and Europe combined, you get some idea of
how seemingly infinite these forests appear.
Although broken by hundreds of rivers, occasional cities and small
ramshackle hamlets along the rail line, Siberia gives you
the distinct feeling that to somehow tumble off the train
would simply be a drier version of falling off a ship in
the middle of the ocean.
Seeing this immense, silent
wilderness and thinking of the thousands of individuals,
Dostoevski, Solzhenitzyn, even Lenin and Stalin among
them, exiled to Siberia since deportations began toward
the end of the sixteenth century, one gets a fleeting
grasp of the despair and acute feeling of isolation
confronting those sent from the populous West.
Despite
having studied maps prior to this journey, I was
particularly surprised by how relatively constant the
terrain remained, not only on the steppes, but all the way
to Vladivostok.
The portions of the route along the
shores of Lake Baykal do, indeed, justify many a Russian's
pride in the near pristine beauty of the glimmering lake,
and the route through the tunnels and winding around the
low mountains of eastern Siberia is dramatic, but I cannot
say there were any sights remotely approaching the knock
your socks off caliber of, say, the Grand Canyon.
The
impressiveness and natural beauty of this rail journey lie
more in its sheer length and the dark, unfathomable
forests along the way.
The first proposal for a railway across Siberia carne
from an American entrepreneur, Perry McDonough Collins, in
the late 1850's.
Owing to provincial politics, unending
financial squabbling, and the engineering difficulties
associated with the gargantuan project, this first and
several subsequent proposals failed.
It was not until the
1880's during the reign of Tsar Alexander III that initial
construction of the railway took place.
From that point,
due primarily to the extremely severe climatic conditions
in Siberia, the line from Moscow to Vladisvostok was not
finally completed until the 1920's.
Although the rail line is an awesome engineering
marvel, one of the most interesting aspects of the
Trans-Siberian is the unique opportunity it gives a
Westerner to independently see a large slice of Russia and
learn about the country today, a country that has
continued its wrenching course to change since I took this
journey in August.
Whether taken during the warm summer
months or during the bitter, snow swept Siberian winter
this rail trek will starkly illustrate as no T.V. or news
report can the rough conditions and contradictions that
are so much a part of Russia.
Contrary to my misgivings
in the Moscow train station, this journey did allow me a
broader view and an enhanced understanding of this
confusing country.
But, as I had anticipated, the rail
trip also exhibited many baffling realities.
The glaring contrasts and rock hard living standards
in Russia are abundantly obvious to any Trans-Siberian
traveller.
In this the first nation to put a man in space
the number of farmers swinging sickles in the fields still
vastly outnumbered the relatively few tractors viewed
throughout the trip.
And, in this country where the
government for decades devoted obscene percentages of the
gross domestic product to creating such modern military
machines as the MIG-25, able to fly at three times the
speed of sound, the consequent dismal state of consumer
production is evidenced by shortages of such basic goods
as bread and soap.
Among the people of this land, a land
so rich in natural and human resoures but so poor in many
other ways, there is a saying that "Russians love to
suffer" .
In viewing the long swath of Russia covered by
the Trans-Siberian, one comes to believe there is some
truth to the adage.
A few Russians I spoke with did
express a determination to better their economic lot.
But, in the face of their tough living conditions and the
myriad bureaucratic barriers still standing in the way of
capitalistic initiative, most of the Russians I met
exhibited a kind of patient stoicism and resigned
acceptance that things are simply the way they are.
The inconsistencies which permeate Russian life extend
from national concerns to the more mundane and were
illustrated by the accommodations on the train itself.
Contrary to my expectations, the carriages on the
Trans-Siberian were immaculately kept by gregarious,
potentially formidable women attendants who had berths at
the end of each car.
After witnessing the wrath one of
these pravadniks brought down upon a smoker who had absent
mindedly thrown his cigarette butt in the hallway, the
shipshape state of the train car became less of a puzzle.
To avoid a similar tangle with the attendant myself, I
immediately resolved to be exceedingly careful about
litter for the duration of the journey.
I have no doubt
that everyone else on the carriage did the same.
Depending on one's preference, bookings can be made in
either first class - two to a compartment, or second �
four to a compartment.
Remembering previous rail
excursions with compartment mates preoccupied with such
pastimes as examining fungal infections of their feet, I
opted for first class passage. I luckily ended up at
various stages of the journey with three different
Russians all of whom were exceptionally pleasant, spoke
varying degrees of English, and had no foot problems.
As
I was the only native English speaker on my carriage, and
surprisingly on the train as far as I could tell, the
opportunity to pick up a little Russian and immediately
try it out on my fellow travellers turned out to be an
enjoyable, occasionally comical way to pass the time.
While the train carriages were quite comfortable,
other areas were in such awful shape that the only thing
to do was shrug and laugh them off.
This was the case
with the dining car and food which were all I had been
forewarned they would be; culinary territory only for the
very brave.
Upon viewing the interior of the dining car
on my train, I was amazed to see that the whole place,
tables, seats, windows, everything, had a thin coating
consisting of roughly equal portions of grease, nicotine,
and remnants of meals probably served when Brezhnev was in
power.
I stuck my head in the kitchen and nearly cracked
up upon seeing the cook, a rather ample woman (who come to
think of it looked a bit like Brezhnev's daughter) wearing
"a crumpled white chef's hat, a burnt-out cigarette hanging
from her lips, sitting asleep on a large up-ended pot with
her forearm and head resting on the edge of a sink
over-flowing with dirty dishes.
That sight, set jiggling
along the tracks amidst a constant din of flies, was all I
needed to decide that I would rely on the samovar at the
end of my carriage and the food I'd thought to bring
along.
I was awakened and nearly thrown from my bunk by the
gravelly screech and sudden lunge of the train recoupling
carriages in a railway yard as it had done a couple of
dozen or so times before on this trip.
It was just before
dawn.
I lifted my head from the pillow, cleared the
window with a dirty bandanna, and faintly saw through the
morning fog and drizzle that the station clock read 10:50
P.M.,
Moscow time.
Half asleep, I tried to figure out
what day it was by recounting them on my fingers.
Looking
forward to a hot shower and a square meal, I then smiled
contentedly in confirming to myself, "Today we hit
Vladisvostok!"
As I glanced over to see that the sleeping
Russian in the opposite bunk remained nearly comatose just
as he'd been for the past twelve hours, I wondered for a
moment how long he could stay under, then drifted back to
sleep.
About three hours and a hundred and twenty miles
later, I stirred again, rose a bit to make sure that the
Russian was breathing, then sat up and waited with great
"anticipation for the first signs of the east coast.
Riding on the Trans-Siberian on this rainy morning, I
thought of the Moscow train station which now seemed a
world away.
Somehow, I felt like much more than a mere
seven days had passed.
During that time I had met many
Russians, most on a fleeting basis as they shuttled for a
day or two between cities.
Despite the knowledge that our
meetings were inevitably once in a lifetime encounters,
all had been warm, friendly and anxious to help me with
advice on travelling in their country.
It was odd to
think that only a few years before my country and theirs
could have bombed one another to oblivion.
Finally, the Russian awoke, groggily rubbed the sleep
from his eyes, sat up straight and immediately began
slicing a cucumber and bread for a sandwich, half of which
he cheerfully offered me.
The train lumbered up another
rise just as it had done hundreds of times since leaving
Moscow.
The crest of this one, though, revealed a broad
panorama of cloud draped whitecaps stretching off in the
distance into misty open water.
Momentarily placing our
sandwiches on a small compartment table, the Russian and I
shook hands congratulating ourselves on reaching the
shores of the Sea of Japan.
Two days before, I couldn't
wait for this trip to end so I could get off what was then
"this damn train".
Now, I was actually having feelings of
nostalgia about the journey.
As a final long blast
"from the engine whistle died away, the Trans-Siberian
slowly pulled into the station in Vladisvostok, while
everyone hurriedly gathered their bags, exchanged a few
addresses and said their goodbyes.
I slung my pack over
my shoulder and joined the crunch leading off the train.
Walking along the station platform, I thought of the
thousands of miles of this trip, and how each element of
it, even the grease coated dining car, was part of the
experience and overall adventure of the journey.
I then
turned around and stepped away from the current of the
baggage-laden crowd rushing to the terminal.
Looking back
to survey the length of the train, I wondered what the
trip would be like in winter.